Landauer Versus Nernst: What is the True Cost of Cooling a Quantum System
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Thermodynamics connects our knowledge of the world to our capability to manipulate and thus to control it. This crucial role of control is exemplified by the third law of thermodynamics, Nernst's unattainability principle, which states that infinite resources are required to cool a system to absolute zero temperature. But what are these resources and how should they be utilized And how does this relate to Landauer's principle that famously connects information and thermodynamics We answer these questions by providing a framework for identifying the resources that enable the creation of pure quantum states. We show that perfect cooling is possible with Landauer energy cost given infinite time or control complexity. However, such optimal protocols require complex unitaries generated by an external work source. Restricting to unitaries that can be run solely via a heat engine, we derive a novel Carnot-Landauer limit, along with protocols for its saturation. This generalizes Landauer's principle to a fully thermodynamic setting, leading to a unification with the third law and emphasizes the importance of control in quantum thermodynamics.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Artikelnummer | 010332 |
| Tidsskrift | PRX Quantum |
| Vol/bind | 4 |
| Udgave nummer | 1 |
| ISSN | 2691-3399 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - 2023 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:
The authors thank Elizabeth Agudelo and Paul Erker for very insightful discussions at the early stages of the project. P.T. acknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project: Y879-N27 (START), the European Research Council (Consolidator grant “Cocoquest” 101043705), and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) by KAKENHI Grant No. 21H03394. F.B. is supported by FQXi Grant No. FQXi-IAF19-07 from the Foundational Questions Institute Fund, a donor advised fund of Silicon Valley Community Foundation. A.B. acknowledges support from the VILLUM FONDEN via the QMATH Centre of Excellence (Grant no. 10059) and from the QuantERA ERA-NET Cofund in Quantum Technologies implemented within the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Programme (QuantAlgo project) via the Innovation Fund Denmark. R.S. acknowledges funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation via an Ambizione grant PZ00P2_185986. N.F. is supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) projects: P 36478-N and P 31339-N27. M.P.E.L. acknowledges financial support by the ESQ (Erwin Schrödinger Center for Quantum Science & Technology) Discovery programme, hosted by the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW) and TU Wien. G.V. is supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) projects ZK 3 (Zukunftskolleg) and M 2462-N27 (Lise-Meitner). F.C.B. acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 801110 and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research (BMBWF). This project reflects only the authors’ view, the EU Agency is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. T.D. acknowledges support from the Brazilian agency CNPq INCT-IQ through the project (465469/2014-0). E.S. is supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project: Y879-N27 (START). F.C. is supported by the ERC Synergy grant HyperQ (Grant No. 856432). M.H. is supported by the European Research Council (Consolidator grant `Cocoquest' 101043705), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project: Y879-N27 (START), and acknowledges financial support by the ESQ (Erwin Schrödinger Center for Quantum Science & Technology) Discovery programme, hosted by the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.
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