TY - JOUR

T1 - Diagnosis of canine pulmonary thromboembolism by computed tomography and mathematical modelling using haemostatic and inflammatory variables

AU - Marschner, C. B.

AU - Kristensen, A. T.

AU - Rozanski, E. A.

AU - McEvoy, F. J.

AU - Kühnel, L.

AU - Taeymans, O.

AU - de Laforcade, A.

AU - Sato, A. F.

AU - Wiinberg, B.

PY - 2017/11

Y1 - 2017/11

N2 - There is no evidence-based diagnostic approach for diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in dogs. Many dogs with diseases that predispose to thrombosis are hypercoagulable when assessed with thromboelastography (TEG), but no direct link has been established. The aims of this study were: (1) to investigate if diseased dogs with PTE, diagnosed by computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), had evidence of hypercoagulability by TEG; (2) to characterise haemostatic and inflammatory changes in dogs with PTE; (3) to construct models for prediction of PTE based on combinations of haemostatic and inflammatory variables; and (4) to evaluate the performance of D-dimer measurement for prediction of PTE. Twenty-five dogs were included in this prospective observational study (PTE: n = 6; non-PTE: n = 19). Clot strength G values did not differ between the PTE and non-PTE groups in tissue factor (TF) or kaolin-activated TEG analyses. Haemostatic and inflammatory variables did not differ between the two groups. Linear discriminant analysis generated a model for prediction of PTE with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% when TF results were used as TEG data, and a model with sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 100% when kaolin results were used as TEG data. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of D-dimer levels showed that a value of >0.3 mg/L yielded a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 71.4%. In conclusion, the study supports CTPA as method for diagnosing canine PTE, but shows that TEG alone cannot identify dogs with PTE. Models for prediction of PTE were generated, but require further validation.

AB - There is no evidence-based diagnostic approach for diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in dogs. Many dogs with diseases that predispose to thrombosis are hypercoagulable when assessed with thromboelastography (TEG), but no direct link has been established. The aims of this study were: (1) to investigate if diseased dogs with PTE, diagnosed by computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), had evidence of hypercoagulability by TEG; (2) to characterise haemostatic and inflammatory changes in dogs with PTE; (3) to construct models for prediction of PTE based on combinations of haemostatic and inflammatory variables; and (4) to evaluate the performance of D-dimer measurement for prediction of PTE. Twenty-five dogs were included in this prospective observational study (PTE: n = 6; non-PTE: n = 19). Clot strength G values did not differ between the PTE and non-PTE groups in tissue factor (TF) or kaolin-activated TEG analyses. Haemostatic and inflammatory variables did not differ between the two groups. Linear discriminant analysis generated a model for prediction of PTE with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% when TF results were used as TEG data, and a model with sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 100% when kaolin results were used as TEG data. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of D-dimer levels showed that a value of >0.3 mg/L yielded a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 71.4%. In conclusion, the study supports CTPA as method for diagnosing canine PTE, but shows that TEG alone cannot identify dogs with PTE. Models for prediction of PTE were generated, but require further validation.

KW - Canine

KW - Computed tomography pulmonary angiography

KW - D-dimer

KW - Prediction model

KW - Pulmonary thromboembolism

U2 - 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.10.010

DO - 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.10.010

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 29183575

AN - SCOPUS:85033728712

VL - 229

SP - 6

EP - 12

JO - The Veterinary Journal

JF - The Veterinary Journal

SN - 1090-0233

ER -