TY - JOUR

T1 - Landauer Versus Nernst

T2 - What is the True Cost of Cooling a Quantum System

AU - Taranto, Philip

AU - Bakhshinezhad, Faraj

AU - Bluhm, Andreas

AU - Silva, Ralph

AU - Friis, Nicolai

AU - Lock, Maximilian P.E.

AU - Vitagliano, Giuseppe

AU - Binder, Felix C.

AU - Debarba, Tiago

AU - Schwarzhans, Emanuel

AU - Clivaz, Fabien

AU - Huber, Marcus

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Thermodynamics connects our knowledge of the world to our capability to manipulate and thus to control it. This crucial role of control is exemplified by the third law of thermodynamics, Nernst's unattainability principle, which states that infinite resources are required to cool a system to absolute zero temperature. But what are these resources and how should they be utilized And how does this relate to Landauer's principle that famously connects information and thermodynamics We answer these questions by providing a framework for identifying the resources that enable the creation of pure quantum states. We show that perfect cooling is possible with Landauer energy cost given infinite time or control complexity. However, such optimal protocols require complex unitaries generated by an external work source. Restricting to unitaries that can be run solely via a heat engine, we derive a novel Carnot-Landauer limit, along with protocols for its saturation. This generalizes Landauer's principle to a fully thermodynamic setting, leading to a unification with the third law and emphasizes the importance of control in quantum thermodynamics.

AB - Thermodynamics connects our knowledge of the world to our capability to manipulate and thus to control it. This crucial role of control is exemplified by the third law of thermodynamics, Nernst's unattainability principle, which states that infinite resources are required to cool a system to absolute zero temperature. But what are these resources and how should they be utilized And how does this relate to Landauer's principle that famously connects information and thermodynamics We answer these questions by providing a framework for identifying the resources that enable the creation of pure quantum states. We show that perfect cooling is possible with Landauer energy cost given infinite time or control complexity. However, such optimal protocols require complex unitaries generated by an external work source. Restricting to unitaries that can be run solely via a heat engine, we derive a novel Carnot-Landauer limit, along with protocols for its saturation. This generalizes Landauer's principle to a fully thermodynamic setting, leading to a unification with the third law and emphasizes the importance of control in quantum thermodynamics.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85151340571&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.010332

DO - 10.1103/PRXQuantum.4.010332

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85151340571

VL - 4

JO - PRX Quantum

JF - PRX Quantum

SN - 2691-3399

IS - 1

M1 - 010332

ER -