Quantum networks provide a platform for astronomical interferometers capable of imaging faint stellar objects. In a recent work [E. T. Khabiboulline, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 070504 (2019)10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.070504], we presented a protocol that circumvents transmission losses with efficient use of quantum resources and modest quantum memories. Here we analyze a number of extensions to that scheme. We show that it can be operated as a truly broadband interferometer and generalized to multiple sites in the array. We also analyze how imaging based on the quantum Fourier transform provides improved signal-to-noise ratio compared to classical processing. Finally, we discuss physical realizations including photon-detection-based quantum state transfer.