TY - JOUR

T1 - Staging of porcine embryos

T2 - Comparison of Standard Event System-based statistical clusters with a Carnegie-based staging system

AU - Kamstrup, Kristian Mogeltoft

AU - Markussen, Bo

AU - Hay-Schmidt, Anders

AU - Thorup, Flemming

AU - Thomsen, Preben Dybdahl

PY - 2020

Y1 - 2020

N2 - Background Methods to compare events defined as newly occurring characters in development has advanced vertebrate developmental research but events are not easily extrapolated into traditional staging systems used in biomedical research. Results First, we scored 95 porcine embryos in the age range of 15 to 33 days post conception by stereomicroscopy using to a slightly modified version of the Standard Event System (SES). Subsequent statistical clustering allowed the embryos to be grouped into 15 clusters. Staging of the same embryos in a way that generally follow the description of external features of human embryos in the Carnegie stages 10 to 23 allowed us to describe 14 stages of porcine embryonic development that correlate to the Carnegie stages of human development with minor species differences. When arranged by average age, the statistic clusters had a distribution that correlated well with the stages produced by the Carnegie-based staging system. Conclusions Statistical analysis of developmental events allow grouping of porcine embryos into clusters that can be extrapolated into a Carnegie-based staging system, thus serving the dual purpose of facilitating the use of the pig as a biomedical model animal and providing data for integrating porcine developmental events into a phylogenetic context.

AB - Background Methods to compare events defined as newly occurring characters in development has advanced vertebrate developmental research but events are not easily extrapolated into traditional staging systems used in biomedical research. Results First, we scored 95 porcine embryos in the age range of 15 to 33 days post conception by stereomicroscopy using to a slightly modified version of the Standard Event System (SES). Subsequent statistical clustering allowed the embryos to be grouped into 15 clusters. Staging of the same embryos in a way that generally follow the description of external features of human embryos in the Carnegie stages 10 to 23 allowed us to describe 14 stages of porcine embryonic development that correlate to the Carnegie stages of human development with minor species differences. When arranged by average age, the statistic clusters had a distribution that correlated well with the stages produced by the Carnegie-based staging system. Conclusions Statistical analysis of developmental events allow grouping of porcine embryos into clusters that can be extrapolated into a Carnegie-based staging system, thus serving the dual purpose of facilitating the use of the pig as a biomedical model animal and providing data for integrating porcine developmental events into a phylogenetic context.

KW - porcine

KW - embryos

KW - Carnegie stages

KW - Standard Event System

KW - BAT

U2 - 10.1002/dvdy.187

DO - 10.1002/dvdy.187

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 32364290

VL - 249

SP - 1259

EP - 1273

JO - Developmental Dynamics

JF - Developmental Dynamics

SN - 1058-8388

ER -